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ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

BRAND & GENERIC NAMES

Captopril
Capoten
EnalaVasotec

BASIC INFORMATION

  • Habit forming? No
  • Prescription needed? Yes
  • Available as generic? No
  • Drug class: Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor (see Drugs Glossary)

    USES

    Treatment for high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.

    DOSAGE & USAGE INFORMATION

    How to take:
    Tablet -- Swallow with liquid. Instructions to take on empty
    stomach mean 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating.
    When to take:
    At the same times each day, usually 2-3 times daily. Take first
    dose at bedtime and lie down immediately.
    If you forget a dose:
    Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2
    hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose).
    What drug does:

  • Reduces resistance in arteries.
  • Strengthens heartbeat.

    Time lapse before drug works:
    60 to 90 minutes.
    Don't take with:
    Any other medicines, even over-the-counter drugs such as cough
    and cold medicines, nose drops, diet pills, laxatives or
    caffeine, without consulting your doctor.
    OVERDOSE
    SYMPTOMS:
    Low blood pressure.
    WHAT TO DO:

  • Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
  • See EMERGENCY INFORMATION.

    POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS

    SYMPTOMS WHAT TO DO

    Life-threatening:
    Hives, rash, intense Seek emergency
    itching, faintness treatment immediately.
    soon after a dose
    (anaphylaxis);
    difficulty breathing.
    Common:
    Rash, loss of taste. Discontinue. Call doctor right
    away.
    Infrequent:

  • Swelling of mouth, Discontinue. Seek face, hands or feet. emergency treatment.
  • Dizziness, fainting, Discontinue. Call chest pain, fast or doctor right away. irregular heartbeat, coughing. Rare:
  • Sore throat, cloudy Discontinue. Call urine, fever, chills. doctor right away.
  • Nausea, vomiting, Continue. Call doctor indigestion, when convenient. abdominal pain.

    WARNINGS & PRECAUTIONS

    Don't take if:

  • You are allergic to any ACE inhibitor.
  • You have any autoimmune disease, including AIDS or lupus.
  • You are receiving blood from a blood bank.
  • You take drugs for cancer.
  • You will have surgery within 2 months, including dental surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia.

    Before you start, consult your doctor:

  • If you have had a stroke.
  • If you have angina or heart or blood-vessel disease.
  • If you have high level of potassium in blood.
  • If you have kidney disease.
  • If you are on severe salt-restricted diet.
  • If you have lupus. Pregnancy: Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Infants & children: Don't give to infants or young children unless prescribed and monitored by your physician. Prolonged use: May decrease white cells in blood or cause protein loss in urine. Request periodic laboratory blood counts and urine tests. Skin & sunlight: No age-related problems expected.

    Driving or hazardous activities:
    Avoid if you become dizzy or faint. Otherwise, no problems
    expected.
    Discontinuing:
    Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may require
    gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a long time. Doses
    of other drugs may also require adjustment.
    Others:

  • Stop taking diuretics or increase salt intake 1 week before starting captopril.
  • Avoid exercising in hot weather.

    POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS

    Amiloride Possible excessive potassium in
    blood.
    Antihypertensives Increased antihypertensive
    (other, see effect. Dosage of each may
    Drugs Glossary) may require adjustment.
    Beta-adrenergic Increased antihypertensive
    blockers (see effect.
    Drugs Glossary) Dosage of each may require
    adjustment.
    Chloramphenicol Possible blood disorders.
    Diuretics Possible severe
    (see Drugs Glossary) blood-pressure drop with first
    dose.
    Enalapril Possible excessive blood-pressure
    drop.
    Guanfacine Increased effect of both drugs.
    Nitrates Possible excessive blood-pressure
    drop.
    Non-steroidal Decreased ACE
    anti-inflammatory inhibitor effect.
    drugs (NSAIDs, see
    Drugs Glossary)
    Pentoxifylline Increased antihypertensive effect.
    Potassium Possible increased
    supplements potassium in blood.
    (see Drugs Glossary)
    Spironolactone Possible excessive potassium in
    blood.
    Triamterene Possible excessive potassium in
    blood.

    POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES

    Marijuana: Increased dizziness.
    Tobacco: May decrease ACE inhibitor effect.

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