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BRONCHODILATORS, ADRENERGIC


Brand & Generic Names

Adrenalin EpiPen Auto-Injector
Aerolone EpiPen Jr. Auto-Injector
ALBUTEROL ETHYLNOREPINEPHRINE
Alupent FENOTEROL
Arm-a-Med Isoetharine ISOETHARINE
Arm-a-Med Metaproterenol ISOPROTERENOL
AsthmaHaler Isuprel
AsthmaNefrin Isuprel Glossets
Berotec Isuprel Mistometer
BITOLTEROL Maxair
Brethaire Medhaler-Epi
Brethine Medhaler-Iso
Bricanyl Metaprel
Bronitin Mist METAPROTERENOL
Bronkaid Mist microNEFRIN
Bronkaid Mist Suspension Norisodrine Aerotrol
Bronkaid Mistometer Novosalmol
Bronkephrine PIRBUTEROL
Bronkometer Primatene Mist
Bronkosol Primatene Mist Suspension
Dey-Dose Isoetharine Pro-Air
Dey-Dose Isoetharine S/F PROCATEROL
Dey-Dose Isoproterenol Prometa
Dey-Dose Metaproterenol Proventil
Dey-Dose Racepinephrine Proventil Repetabs
Dey-Lute Isoetharine Sus-Phrine
Dey-Lute Isoetharine S/F TERBUTALINE
Dey-Lute Metaproterenol Tornalate
Dispos-a-Med Isoetharine Vapo-Iso
Dispos-a-Med Isoptroterenol Vaponefrin
Ephed II Ventolin
EPHEDRINE Ventolin Rotocaps
EPINEPHRIN


Basic Information

  • Habit forming? No
  • Prescription needed? Yes, for most.
  • Available as generic? Yes, for some.
  • Drug class: Sympathomimetic

Uses

  • Relieves bronchial asthma.
  • Decreases congestion of breathing passages.
  • Suppresses allergic reactions.

Dosage & Usage Information

How to take:
Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. You may chew or crush tablet.
Extended-release tablets or capsules--Swallow each dose whole.
Syrup--Take as directed on bottle.
Drops--Dilute dose in beverage.
Aerosol inhalor--follow directions in package.

When to take:
As needed, no more often than every 4 hours.

If you forget a dose:
Take up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours, wait for next dose (don't double this dose).

What drug does:
Prevents cells from releasing allergy-causing chemicals (histamines).
Relaxes muscles of bronchial tubes.
Decreases blood vessel size and blood flow, thus causing decongestion.

Time lapse before drug works:
30 to 60 minutes.

Don't take with:
Non-prescription drugs with ephedrine, pseeudoephedrine or epinephrine.
Non-prescription drugs for cough, cold, allergy or asthma without consulting doctor.
Any other medicine without consulting your doctor or pharmacist.


Overdose

SYMPTOMS:
Severe anxiety, confusion, delirium, muscle tremors, rapid and irregular pulse, severe weakness.

WHAT TO DO:

  • Dial 911 (emergency) or O (operator) for an ambulance or medical help. Then give first aid immediately.
  • See EMERGENCY information.

Possible Adverse Reactions or Side Effects

Life-threatening:

    In case of overdose, see previous section.

Common:

  • Nervousness, anxiety, headache, large pupils, paleness, increased blood pressure, trembling, dry mouth.
  • Insomnia.

Infrequent:

  • Irregular heartbeat, chest pain, hallucinations.
  • Dizziness, dry mouth, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, painful or difficult urination, coughing.

Rare:

  • Muscle cramps, difficulty in breathing.
  • Smell or taste changes.

Warnings & Precautions

Don't take if:
You are allergic to ephedrine or any bronchodilator* drug.

Before you start, consult your doctor:

  • If you have high blood pressure.
  • If you have diabetes.
  • If you have overactive thyroid gland.
  • If you have difficulty urinating.
  • If you have taken any MAO inhibitor in the past 2 weeks.
  • If you have taken digitalis preparations in the last 7 days.
  • If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia.
  • If you have pheochromocytoma.

Over age 60:
More likely to develop high blood pressure, heart-rhythm disturbances, angina and to feel drug's stimulant effects.

Pregnancy:
Animal studies show possible fetal abnormalities. Decide with your doctor whether benefits justify risk to unborn child.

Breast-feeding:
Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply.

Infants & children:
No problems expected for most. Use only under close medical supervision.

Prolonged use:

  • Excessive doses--Rare toxic psychosis.
  • Men with enlarged prostate gland may have more urination difficulty.
  • Talk to your doctor about the need for follow-up medical examinations or laboratory studies to check ECG*, blood pressure.

Skin & sunlight:
No problems expected.

Driving, piloting or hazardous work:
Avoid if you feel dizzy. Otherwise, no problems expected.

Discontinuing:
May be unnecessary to finish medicine. Follow doctor's instructions.

Others:
May affect results in some medical tests.


Possible Interaction with Other Drugs

GENERIC NAME COMBINED EFFECT
------------------------- -----------------------
Antidepressants, Increased effect of
tricyclic (TCA)* bronchodilator. Excessive stimulation
of heart and blood pressure.
Antihypertensives* Decreased antihypertensive effect.
Beta-adrenergic Decreased effect of both drugs.
Digitalis Serious heart-rhythm disturbances.
Epinephrine Increased bronchodilator effect.
Ergot preparations* Serious blood pressure rise.
Finasteride Decreased finasteride effect.
Furazolidine Sudden severe increase in blood
pressure.
Guanadrel Decreased effect of both drugs.
Guanethidine Decreased effect of both drugs.
MAO inhibitors* Increased bronchodilator effect.
Dangerous blood pressure rise.
Methyldopa Possible increased blood pressure.
Nitrates* Possible decreased effects of both
drugs.
Phenothiazines* Possible increased bronchodilator
toxicity. Possible decreased
bronchodilator effect.
Pseudoephedrine Increased bronchodilator effect.
Rauwolfia Decreased rauwolfia effect.
Sympathomimetics* Increased bronchodilator effect.
Terazosin Decreases effectiveness of
terazosin.
Theophylline Increased gastrointestinal
intolerance.
Thyroid Drugs Increased bronchodilator effect.


Possible Interaction with Other Substances

INTERACTS WITH COMBINED EFFECT
--------------- ---------------
Alcohol: None expected.
Caffeine drinks. Nervousness or insomnia.
Cocaine: High risk of heartbeat
irregularities and high
blood pressure.
Foods: None expected.
Marijuana: Rapid heartbeat, possible
heart rhythm disturbance.
Tobacco: None expected.



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