ZINC DEFICIENCY

General Information

DEFINITION--Inadequate amounts of zinc in body cells. This affects function of the testes, liver and muscles, and affects the structure of bones, teeth, hair and skin. Zinc is a vital part of many enzymes that facilitate chemical reactions necessary for normal body function--including immune function and skin healing.

BODY PARTS INVOLVED--All body cells.

SEX OR AGE MOST AFFECTED--All ages, but most common in children during periods of rapid growth (10 to 18 years).

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS--

2 or more of the following:

• Poor appetite.
• Poor growth.
• Sensations of unpleasant tastes and odors, and decreased senses of taste and smell.
• Decreased sex drive.
• Darkening of skin all over the body.
• Sparse hair growth.
• Deformed nails.

CAUSES

• Excessive consumption of substances that bind zinc and prevent its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. These include calcium, vitamin D, high fiber diet and phytate enzyme (found in whole-meal bread).
• Surgical removal of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach.
• Parasite infestation in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Excessive milk consumption in preschool children.

RISK INCREASES WITH

• Alcoholism. Alcohol increases the excretion of zinc.
• Use of cortisone drugs, which increase zinc excretion.
• Pregnancy.
• Diabetes, kidney disease or cirrhosis.
• Burns or major trauma.

HOW TO PREVENT

• Adults should not drink or eat more than the recommended amounts of milk, other dairy products or whole-meal bread. Keep calcium intake at 1500 mg or less daily.
• Don't take large doses of vitamin D supplements.
• Take zinc supplements if you have had gastrointestinal surgery.
• Obtain medical treatment for parasite infections.
• Don't drink more than 1 or 2 alcoholic drinks, if any, a day.

What To Expect

DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES--

• Your own observation of symptoms.
• Medical history and physical exam by a doctor.
• Laboratory blood studies of zinc levels; other tests to determine any underlying disorder.

APPROPRIATE HEALTH CARE

• Home care after diagnosis.
• Doctor's treatment.

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

• Iron-deficiency anemia. Zinc is necessary for iron absorption.
• Poor wound healing.
• Liver and spleen enlargement.
• Excess zinc replacement or overdose may interfere with body's manufacture of necessary enzymes.

PROBABLE OUTCOME--Usually curable in 2 months with zinc supplements and removal or treatment of the underlying causes.

How To Treat

GENERAL MEASURES----Follow your doctor's instructions. Compliance with your medical treatment plan is essential for the best outcome.

MEDICATION--Your doctor may prescribe zinc supplements. Take with milk or meals to prevent stomach upset.

ACTIVITY--No restrictions.

DIET--Eat foods high in zinc such as red meat. Avoid excessive intake of whole-meal bread.

Call Your Doctor If

You or your child have symptoms of zinc deficiency.